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Article 19 of the Constitution of India guarantees six fundamental freedoms to citizens, including freedom of speech and expression, peaceful assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession. These freedoms form the backbone of a democratic society and ensure individual liberty against arbitrary state action. However, these rights are not absolute and may be restricted through reasonable restrictions imposed in the interest of sovereignty, security, public order, morality, and other constitutional objectives. Over the years, the Supreme Court has expanded and clarified the scope of Article 19 through several landmark judgments, making it one of the most significant provisions of the Constitution.
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